TILL , UNTIL and BY

UNTIL (TILL) VS  BY

            UNTIL: PREPOSITION AND CONJUNCTION.
       
             TILL: PREPOSITION.

BOTH ARE INTERCHANGEABLE

UNTIL : Situation  or  Event will continue up to a certain time. 

BY : Something will happen before or at a certain time .

Quick.                                    On going action     

Action 

By.                                              Until

PRACTICE

Questions :

1. My driving licence is valid ---------- 2030.

2. The meeting will start ----------- 9  pm.

3. I must leave now. I have to be there ---------- 9 Am.

4. I can not go. I have to be here ------------- 9 Am.

5. It may start raining ------------- 8 Am.

6. It may stop raining ------------- 8 Am.

Answer :      1. until(till)             2. by           3.by
                     4.until(till)               5. by            6. by 

7. I will start teaching --------  5 o'clock.

8. I'll be teaching ----------- 5 o'clock.

9. Is it cloudy or raining? Kindly wait ---------- the weather clears.

10. Applications must be submitted ------------- December 5.

11. She will be here ------------- March.

12. I was looking for my phone ----------- midnight.

Answer :      7. by             8. until(till)          9.until(till)

                     10.by              

 11.  She will be here by March. (but she is not here at this moment)    

11.  She will be here until March. (she is here at this moment)  

 12. until(till)

13. I will continue my job --------- April. 

14. I need your help ---------- Monday.

15.  E-passes issued with the validity --------                   22 April 2020 will remain valid ------     3 May 2020.

16.  I went to bed and slept ---------- morning 9 o'clock.

17. The party kept going ---------- 5 A.M.

18.  She had a word ---------- night.

19. She will have a word --------night.

Answer :   13. until(till) /  by          14. until(till)         15.until(till)     , until(till) 

 16.  until(till)         17. until(till)         18.  until(till)        19.  by  

20. I must leave --------- 3 pm.

21. Write the report -------- 7 pm.

22. I am with you ---------  4 pm.

23. I was with you --------  4 pm.

24. I will quit smoking ------- the July . 

25. I will  start doing exercise ------- 5 am.

26. I studied  ---------  7 pm. 

27. I stopped writing ------- 7 pm.

28. I have to leave the gym ------- 9pm. 

29. I have to stay at the gym -------- 9 pm.

30. I will  be at the office -------- 4pm. 

Answer :  20. by              21. by             22. until(till)          23. until(till)     

 24.by                25.by               26. until(till)                         27. by  

 28. by                     29.   until(till)                  

 30.I will  be at the office until 4pm.( at the office now ) 

Discourse Markers (Gap Fillers) Fillers

 

DISCOURSE  MARKERS ( FILLERS)

       When we don't have words to speak we use these fillers to take time and we can speak more effectively with their help.

   
Discourse markers (Fillers) are effective in both speeches as well as in writing. They help give a conversation that makes us unique while we speak or a piece of text a proper shape and assist in making it appear more fluent and logical.

When speaking or informal writing, such as emails or texts to friends, the  words or phrases discourse markers are often used.

Q: Why do we use DISCOURSE MARKERS ?

WORDS AND PHRASES

TO  CONTRAST

BUT , DESPITE , YET, STILL , ALTHOUGH , UNLESS , OTHERWISE , RATHER.

TO  EMPHASIS

ESPECIALLY , CLEARLY , ESSENTIALLY , PARTICULARLY , ABOVE ALL , PRIMARILY , REALLY , INDEED.

TO  CAUSE AND EFFECT 

THAT'S WHY , HENCE , BECAUSE , THEREFORE , AS A RESULT , SO , THUS.

TO  ADD

AS WELL AS , AND , ALSO , TOO , MOREOVER , SIMILARLY , LIKEWISE ,EQUALLY ,  FURTHER MORE.

TO  SEQUENCE

FIRST , FINALLY , AFTER , BEFORE , THEN , NEXT , MEANWHILE.

TO  QUALIFY

BUT , HOWEVER , ALTHOUGH , EXCEPT , APART FROM , AS LONG AS , IF.

EXAMPLES;

     Conversation between 2 friends AVI and DEEP.

AVI:  Do you want to have tea ?

DEEP:  "ABSOLUTELY!"(yes)

AVI.:  How was your exam ?

DEEP:   WELL, it was tough but I solved all the questions. 

AVI: "SERIOUSLY?"

DEEP: "YEAH!"

AVI:  " BUT" You don't study regularly, do you ?

DEEP:   "OF COURSE" I do.

AVI:   "SO" ,Are you free this weekend?

DEEP: " HOPE SO", Why ?

AVI:  Want to see a movie ?

DEEP:   SURE.

AVI:  "GREAT!"

AVI:  What time should I be there ?

DEEP:  OH, anytime between 7 and 8 would be fine.

AVI:  " BY THE WAY"  you look terrible! 

DEEP: "ACTUALLY" I could not sleep today. THAT'S WHY.

AVI:  I THINK, you should sleep properly.

DEEP:  I KNOW,   but I was busy.


AVI: OKAY ,  now I have to go SO  TATA!

DEEP: " FINE",BYE! TAKE CARE!